Syntactic priming is an important paradigm for the study of sentence production. It refers to the tendency to repeat previously used sentence structures in the process of language production and comprehension. Field independent-dependent dimension, as an essential dimension of cognitive style, has different effects on individual perception, thinking and other cognitive processes. The nine-year compulsory education that most Chinese students receive is an exam-oriented education, which includes English learning. The effect of exam-oriented education on second language syntactic priming is unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of the field independent-dependent dimension of cognitive style and exam-oriented education on second language syntactic priming. In this study, field dependent-independent cognitive style is measured by Embedded Figure Test, and second language syntactic priming is measured by picture description. The results show that field independent-dependent cognitive style has no effect on second language syntactic priming. While exam-oriented education inhibits second language syntactic priming for English learners at different levels. Future studies may use different methods of syntactic priming and cognitive style to measure and refine the thresholds for second language level in syntactic priming studies.

This paper analyzes the causes of Chinese adolescents' learning-weariness. Through consulting and summarizing a large number of previous studies, including the study of the causes and effects of learning-weariness. The influencing factors of adolescents’ learning-weariness come from many aspects. Some studies analyze the reasons from policy, and some studies analyze the influence on adolescents themselves. This paper has been classified and summarized. The conclusion is: the causes include social factors such as the One-child policy and the conflict between teachers and students, and adolescents’ individual factors such as rebellious during puberty, learning motivation unknown, strong sense of inferiority, poor self-control and low learning ability. Finally obtain the corresponding solutions or mitigation plans.

As technology advances, social media has become an integral part of people's lives. Meanwhile, individuals' lifestyles have changed dramatically today when COVID-19 is rampant. In the epidemic control, home isolation has become the norm in China. The current study explored the mediating role of time perspective (TP) between social media use and internalizing symptoms during the pandemic. In this study, we used Swedish Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (S-ZTPI), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and other correlation questionnaires. Participants (n=503) were asked to finish a series of tests. The findings suggest a link between problematic social media usage (PSMU), TP, and depression and anxiety. The link between PSMU and Internalizing symptoms is totally mediated by TP.

Recently, there is an extensive body of literature investigating instructional practices for preschool-level English-Language-Learners (ELLs) in China. However, not many of them took into consideration early childhood teachers’ perspectives on the English-teaching practices that are widely implemented in the country, as well as their visions of “ideal” English-teaching practices that may or may not be already implemented in real classrooms. This qualitative study aims to understand Chinese kindergarten teachers’ opinions about the widely used pedagogical practices for ELLs, their ideas about what “ideal” English-teaching practices should be like, and their suggestions for filling the ideal-actual gap. Thirty teachers working at three Shanghai bilingual kindergartens will be surveyed and interviewed. The study is expected to yield the following findings: 1) Teachers prefer solo-teaching than co-teaching for a more efficient lesson planning process; 2) Teachers believe that ideal English-learning activities are ongoing, consistent, and routinized; 3) Teachers render ideal English-teaching practices to be authentic and immersive. The study results have important implications for curriculum designers, kindergarten English teachers and organizations that provide trainings for pre-and-in-service early childhood educators.

The mental health of the elderly has increasingly become the focus of academic attention. By summarizing the literature, this paper discusses the mechanism of interest and hobby on the emotional regulation of the elderly from the perspective of physiological psychology and cognitive psychology. The results showed that positive hobbies can help the elderly produce more dopamine, adjust breathing and heart rate, relax body joints, and at the same time, it can also help the elderly improve their social participation and obtain a sense of belonging; Bad hobbies would affect the health of the elderly, and excessive immersion in them was not conducive to the regulation of negative emotions. Therefore, moderate use of positive hobbies can help regulate negative emotions. It is an ideal way to choose positive hobbies when the elderly need to regulate emotions.

The appropriate methods of losing weight are a popular topic since losing weight is an important task for more and more people. Meanwhile, as the number of people losing weight increases, so do eating disorders because of incorrect and extreme weight loss methods. From an eating perspective, understanding food rewards is essential to knowing how to lose weight healthily. Food rewards include wanting and liking. The paper uses the literature review research method to summarize and discuss two opposite opinions about wanting and liking different or combined systems and the relationship between food rewards and eating control methods. The paper finds that wanting and liking are different systems. Understanding and identifying the difference between them reveals the appropriate eating control methods. People will realize they are hungry or they are greedy. People need to eat food when they feel hungry, but there is no need to eat food when they are greedy.

In today's world, 75% of people with social anxiety manifest symptoms as teenagers, but the vast majority of them do not identify or take the problem seriously. In this study, researcher will explore whether psychodrama therapy, a more achievable and attractive to high school students, can alleviate social anxiety through 20 high school students from the International Department of Haidian Foreign Language Experimental School. The experiment consisted of one ice-breaking activity and five formal activities, and the results were quantified by the Comprehensive Interpersonal Relationship Diagnostic Scale. The results of the experiment show that psychodrama therapy has a significant effect in relieving social anxiety of high school students. The findings from this paper will be used in future schools to prevent and alleviate students' social anxiety through the use of psychodrama.

Intercultural communication competence (ICC) is becoming increasingly important with the ongoing globalization and researchers have emphasized the significance of cultivating such competence in English language teaching. As a major tool for language learning, textbooks play an important role in cultivating ICC in language classrooms. This study selected two versions of textbooks published by the same press to analyze and compare the cultural representations from the perspectives of the distribution of cultures, language activities, and cultural activities. Besides, the study also focuses on the links between textbook activities and the cultivation of ICC. It was found that the phenomenon of cultural imbalances, especially those dominated by the UK, the US and China, with the increase in the proportion of Chinese culture and a wider cultural coverage in the new edition. The results also revealed that the activities in the textbooks lack clear teaching objectives and that the ICC cultivation is superficial. This research mainly puts forward suggestions on the ICC cultivation in language teaching and the compilation of textbooks. In addition, it is also suggestive of the definition of intercultural communication and the arrangement of language classroom activities, etc.

With the advent of the post-epidemic era, educators and practitioners realize that online education is not only an emergency education approach to cope with special times, but also a driver of change in education and teaching as well as a necessary path to update the education model. Online teaching has been transformed from an emergency solution to normal behavior, which requires universities to actively establish an online teaching management system and mechanism that is compatible with the normalization of the epidemic, deeply explore the transformation of online teaching informatization and modernization, and advocate the construction of a teaching model that integrates online and offline to ensure the high-quality development of teaching activities in the post-epidemic era.

Does a new person's ethnic facial resemblance influence snap judgments? If so, when did people start to have an in-group and out-group concept? We are using a within-subject design in the experiment. The participant was separated into different rooms and did 20 tryouts to choose one of the two pictures (different races) based on our questions. As a result, we predict that the participant will choose their races more than other races, proving that children around age 3-4 had already developed the in-group out-group concept. This research could help educators know when children start to develop the in-group and out-group concepts at the earliest age. This could help those educators know when the earliest time could be to educate children that it is not hard to trust other races. This research is vital because it might be able to help society to achieve global citizenship.

In this article, I review the association between middle adolescent romantic relationships and cognitive control of attention. I identify the cognitive development in executive functions due to romantic love, which is found to be positive over the romantically stable period. I present the findings in both positive and negative aspects, as well as clarifying the relationship between increasing executive functions and academic or social competence. Finally, I propose a brief description of a feasible research plan on the correlation between adolescent romantic love and attention control, associating the mean reaction time in Task-switching.

Clinical psychology, the psychiatry field, and medical conditions all tend to ignore the role of evolution in them. However, the human brain is indeed a product of natural selection. Its complexity, including both normal functions and potential dysfunctions, has developed over evolutionary time under the process of natural selection. Evolutionary psychology provides guidance for psychologists today on how to think about individual differences in terms of psychopathology. Therefore, understanding the evolutionary origin of psychiatric conditions is a crucial component of a complete understanding of psychological illnesses and their etiology. This paper explores this idea of evolution with four examples of mental illnesses, depression, postpartum depression, agoraphobia, schizophrenia and autism.

In the era of rapid Internet development, the flipped classroom is different from the traditional classroom teaching in the past. It thoroughly relies on Internet technology to promote the combination of high-quality resources and education. At the same time, it has three teaching modes: Training Master -Style Flip Class, Problem Inquiry Flip Class, and Research Construction Flip Class. Many well-known foreign institutions have used these teaching models to achieve good results. Some English courses in China have also begun to integrate with flipping classrooms. So, are these teaching models suitable for Chinese English classroom teaching? How do we use these teaching models to improve English teaching? Therefore, this article will study the characteristics of flipping classrooms, analyze their advantages and disadvantages, and use the literature research and case analysis methods to explore how it achieves good results in Chinese English classrooms.

Metacognition is the cognition of cognition. Metacognition is like an observer who is always watching the process of his or her learning, the cognitive process for any problems and errors. This article focuses on the study of metacognitive monitoring as one of the learning processes used to improve student learning. The article elaborates on how metacognitive learning is used to acquire knowledge through progressive learning, critiques the questionable practice of metacognitive learning, and provides a comparative analysis with other learning styles. An in-depth study of metacognition can help further correct and optimize our thinking styles and outcomes and is an essential advancement in our knowledge learning.

Priming can facilitate the language processing and learning by affecting speaker’s response to the subsequent stimulus after introducing the new language form, for both comprehension and production. Syntactic priming, as a new branch of priming, is the main focus of this research as it is more practically applicable under psycholinguistic background. In this review, the effects of syntactic priming on language learning and the effects of syntactic priming on the link between language comprehension and production were both explored. It is assumed that there is a common lexical-boost effect as a mediator during the syntactic priming process through the implicit language learning. However, such effect can be somehow independent to the language comprehension based on the current research. Moreover, some neurological measures are applicable when investigating the neuronal correlates of the syntactic priming and lexical boost effect during sentence comprehension and production. In general, this study discussed the non-linear relationship between implicit language learning and syntactic priming highlighted with the lexical mediator effect, the independent effect between lexical and structural content on language comprehension, as well as the similar mechanism shared by language comprehension and production. The previous experiments still lacked the reliability and validity as the variables are difficult, and the tools or strategies used may not be appropriate to accurately measure the result. Hence, causations cannot be formed in a solid state even if some correlations are well evolved with research findings. The future direction, naturally, should keep track of how syntactic priming can better intervene on the language processing and learning program, which in turn reduce the overload of the computational brain and boost the language learning. This review can provide some guidance for the design of educaitonal programs using syntactic priming as well as relevant research.

Working memory is modelled as multi-sectional, making possible reference to its need of updating and the limited capacity. Emotion is the intrinsic cognitive process divided into pleasure or displeasure outcomes, and can both be a factor to the memory or a result of memory. The manipulation of emotional stimuli in working memory can somehow increase one’s abilities of updating and expanding the capacity. Anxiety is the negative result of emotion regulation, which contributes to a poor performance on working memory tasks. A negative assocation was found between these two aspects. On the contrary, the emotion regulation ability can be improved through training of the working memory. It was concluded that there is a possible correlation between working memory and emotion, whilst the direction may be unclear to some extent. Future research should examine the specific dirctions of this relationship more comprehensively. This review can provide some guidance to future internveiton studies and pactices regarding emotion and working memory in children at schools.

Adolescence is known to be the pivotal stage of human life, when people construct identity and achieve autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Different parenting styles lead to specific developmental outcomes during adolescence. At this stage, personality development occurs and affects adolescents’ social behavior and perception, which often have lasting effects on individuals later in life. Despite parenting and personality development’s significance in adolescence, limited existing studies have accounted for their interactions. This paper aims to demonstrate the relationship between parenting and the personality development of adolescents by reviewing and integrating existing research. The findings are divided into three main components: the reciprocal relationship between parenting and adolescent personality development, parenting and other factors associated with personality development, and cross-cultural differences in this relationship. The results suggested that parenting style not only directly leads to certain personality outcomes, but also interplays with adolescents’ personality and other problem behaviors. In addition, parental rejection and adolescent self-criticism both affect personality development through bidirectional relationships. Finally, there are cultural differences in the described relationship patterns. Overall, an authoritative parenting approach results in desirable personality traits and fewer behavioral problems. Permissive and authoritarian parenting strategies tend to lead to maladaptive personalities and performance, as well as externalizing and internalizing problems. This review can provide some guidance for furture research and practices regarding parenting styles and personality development during adolescence.

Bipolar disorder (BD) has become a serious mental problem in the group of adolescents. The main symptoms of BD are depression, (hypo)mania, anxiety, and functional disabilities. The symptoms of the two subtypes of BD are different. The problem is that the probability of misdiagnosis is high, which may cause the non-serious symptoms to exacerbate. The methods of researching atypical emotional development include measuring the level of mood instability and examining the deficit in facial emotion and family factors. The symptoms of BD patients are highly connected with a high level of mood instability and a high level of inappropriate self-sacrifice from parents and relatives. The deficit of facial emotion is also one of the atypical processes. Dialectical Behavior Treatment is useful to decrease the level of depression and relieve BD symptoms. The probability of adolescents having BD is associated with mood instability. BD patients showed faster reactions to fearful faces and made mistakes in processing angry faces. Therapy barely influences BD symptoms, but dialectical behavior therapy had a great effect in remitting symptoms of BD. In that case, future study should pay more attention to the atypical emotional development and the precautions. This review can provide some guidance to relevant future intervention studies and practices for at-risk adolescents.

Perceiving self is one of the crucial issues discussed in psychology. Studies have suggested that the evaluation of the self could be manipulated by divergent factors and operations. Some experiments proved the variability of self-concept. A typical instance is the rubber hand illusion, causing a discrepancy between the visual and tactile sensation and the confusion of identity. Enfacement illusion, similarly, have the resembling influence but focuses on the human face instead of the hand. It’s an important phenomenon with the significant meaning of being related to the perception of self and other. The impact of the enfacement effect on one's perspective of oneself and that of others was examined through the analysis of recent research, with further implications given. Discussions done in this paper could make contributions in the area of comprehension of self and other. First, various fingdings bring up the individualized irregularity that emerged among people. Second, according to plenty of studies, enfacement has the potential to encourage the establishment of relationships with more intimacy. Thirdly, studies on illusions other than the perception of faces were conducted, and they demonstrated similarities to the enfacement illusion's effect. Limitations of not elaborating on compound factors associated exist in previous research. Addition explorations are required for examining the causation of values altered. This review can provide some suggestions for intervention studies and applications in children with social functioning deficits.

VRchat is a popular virtual social platform that allows users to interact with avatars as social images. Avatars have been widely used, and still has application prospects, such as the metauniverse. While recent games and other special environments may have psychological implications for users, VR chat, as a social platform, enables users to express themselves more freely. The purpose of this study is to examine and sort out how different users relate to their avatars. Using semi-structured interviews, the study aims to investigate and sort out the relationship between the users and their avatars, and what meaning does the act of dressing up an avatar give to both the avatar and the user. According to the research results, avatar dressing is not only a form of self-expression, but also has a significant impact on users' psychology and behavior. This influence will continue to expand and penetrate into real life.