The Influences of Personal Characteristics and Prison-Related Factors on the Social Adjustment of Prisoners

: In the composition of our country's crimes, the person who has been released from prison accounts for a considerable proportion, and their recidivism often shows the characteristics of malignancy, collectivization, and mature criminal means. The principal criminals of some major cases are mostly the personnel who have been released from prison. This seems to constitute a major threat to social security and the safety of people's lives and property, which should be severely attacked. However, any social phenomenon is always caused by a variety of comprehensive factors. Only focusing on fighting is often difficult to reduce the recidivism rate of ex-convicts. It should be noted that more offenders will come to prison repeatedly, so this paper explains the above reasons by two big factors of offender character characteristics and prison and a comprehensive analysis of how to help offenders integrate into society more smoothly. Using case analysis to highlight this point from prison intervention, as exemplified by raising cats and joining education, this paper details the positive impact of this intervention on offenders' ideas as well as their behavior, leading to the conclusion that it is the most helpful.


Introduction
People usually think of a prison that changes the criminals' criminal thoughts according to the purpose of punishment and trains them to become the sum of the educational effects of observing discipline and law from committing crimes again by executing punishments, which warns, deterred, and educates other people who may commit crimes in society. The transitions from prison to community that take place today may resemble those that took place before the prison expansion in many ways. In fact, since the creation of jails, inmates have had to deal with the dangers and opportunities that come with reentering the free world. Many more persons who have spent time in jail are now reentering society as a result of the prison expansion during the previous 20 years. The problem's scope is astounding: Four times as many prisoners departed state and federal prisons in 2002 than entered at the same time back twenty-five years [1]. Therefore, more criminals need to reintegrate into society, and when they are ready to reintegrate into society, they will face many problems. What the author needs to do is to define the factors that help them integrate into society.
Reintegration is the process of getting out of jail or prison and rejoining society without displaying any indication that one had engaged in criminal activity (an illicit act), or, in a more profound sense, by denying and rejecting the statistics surrounding an act like murder, inflicting harm on others, a massacre, drug abuse, family abuse, rape, or theft [2].
The author divides it into two main parts: the personality characteristics of criminals and the influence of prison. The personality characteristics are divided into positive and negative ones from the personality characteristics that have been finalized after they completed the crime. Generally speaking, the more negative personality characteristics will make it more difficult for criminals to integrate into society after they leave prison, compared with the positive personality characteristics. The influence of prison on criminals can be divided into experience in prison and interference received in prison. The experience in prison often brings a negative influence on criminals, because prison is usually oppressive and uncomfortable. The prison interference described in the article is a positive influence on criminals and an influential factor to help them integrate into society more smoothly. The cases involved in the article are cat raising and education.

2.
The Influencing Factor of Prisoners

Individual Characteristics
Having unique qualities or identity is referred to as having individual traits. Characteristics refer to something that sets apart or identifies an individual, an object, or a class. In other words, it would be the outward idea of how people appear and further be themselves. What people believe about themselves in terms of will influences the actions and choices that people do. Two different ways of understanding are mostly related to how people define a human but mostly philosophy which is not the thing that people should talk about. In this case, mostly it will be counting the family abuse (childhood experience) variations that could essentially lead to overall personality differences or mental health disorders. The PEN model was developed by personality psychologist Eysenck and is based on three personality traits: neuroticism, extraversion, and psychoticism. Being violent, indifferent, aggressive, hostile, antisocial, and lacking in empathy were traits of psychoticism. Extraversion has been associated with traits including gregariousness, vigor, activity, sensation seeking, carefreeness, domineering, and aggression. In addition, neuroticism was linked to irrationality, moodiness, emotions, tension, and low self-esteem. These three variables, according to studies and surveys by Eysenck, can be used to forecast criminal behavior. He thought it was capable of distinguishing between criminals and law-abiding citizens. For those who were younger, extraversion was a better predictor [3]. So it can be concluded that psychosis, extraversion, and neurosis are all related to personality characteristics. They are described by adjectives as apathetic, aggressive, extroverted, lively, anxious, and depressed. Most of these are personal personality characteristics finally formed under the influence of the acquired environment. These personality characteristics can not only predict the differences between criminals and noncriminals but also summarize and find out the rules of criminal characteristics, to find out what personality characteristics criminals are more difficult to integrate into society. Psychosis and neuroticism are the two major characteristics that most affect people's behavior and ideas. Therefore, most of them are apathetic, antisocial, anxious, and depressed, which will cause them to have difficulties integrating into society.

Experiences in Prison
A meta-analysis of 50 research that examined the effect of jail sentences on recidivism found a correlation between longer prison terms and higher rates of recidivism for both high-risk offenders and low-risk offenders. Other research suggests that extended exposure to the harsh, institutionalized conditions of prison life and the institutionalization that results from doing so may have short-and/or long-term consequences on a person's ability to transition to life outside of prison. There is no doubt that ex-offenders are impacted in some way by their time spent in prison [4]. The vast majority of prisoners "all return" to their communities, as Jeremy Travis (2005) fervently reminds us, and can therefore theoretically cause more harm than they did before their original incarceration. Through several causal pathways, prisons can impact convicts in ways that promote crime. Inmates get enmeshed in prison life and gang networks either through social osmosis or out of pure survival instinct, and this is where peer impacts are most overtly highlighted. According to Chen and Shapiro (2004), this effect is reinforced when marginalized criminals are moved to higher security prisons where they hang out with repeat offenders who are more aggressive. Recidivism rates are defined by the risk of being arrested within three years of release, and they estimate that placing a marginal offender into a low-security facility rather than a minimum security one increases those rates by 33 percentage points [5].

Intervention Programs in Prisons
The federal bureau system offers opportunities for learning information about the outside world and providing basic clarifications (ESL and graduation certificate), which should and must have assisted inmates in a different direction, while the New Jersey cat therapy grants change to bond back to respect of living creatures in the second case range.
Programs for re-entry can take care of the individual's service needs as well as the public safety needs of the neighborhood. The importance placed on re-entry planning initiatives for serious and violent offenders, sex offenders, and offenders suffering from mental illnesses results from the fact that the criminal justice system's traditional goal has been to reintegrate the individual into the community in ways that prevent the community from further harm. Contrary to what a checklist of psychiatric prerequisites, a list of criminal risk factors, or a model used to prepare patients for discharge from a psychiatric institution might imply, community reintegration is more complicated. Re-entry planning goes beyond treatment, rehabilitation, or personal welfare to include integrating a specific person with a specific medical and criminal past into a given society [6].

Cat Therapy TNR (Prison Cats)
Social (human) factors that can cause people's reactions and produce social behavior are the prerequisite for establishing social behavior. All human behaviors are responses to certain stimuli.
An important piece of knowledge the author can find is from the alley cat allies website aligned to cats' therapy in prison is the massive amount of prison number that already has such therapy in place working (159 prison across 3 states) and the recording of pride and accomplishment increases along with the reported humanizes calms of the facility with increasing work ethics among inmates Increase with the percentage of 89% and 85%. This for sure is an example of psychology therapy working in imprisonment time and for sure success. The body's most important quality improvement is quoted first the self-control (restraining ability) second the trust and relationship skills among inmates increased by 97% as reported last the reduction of stress among inmates for a claim of 100% (see figure 1) [7].
The inmates' overall humane education, which promotes their reintegration into society, increases their social responsibility throughout the experience, and, in addition to the other factors mentioned, is the most significant. As their interactions with pets develop over time, this bond between them and the animals can help to stabilize extreme thoughts and issues. Particularly in light of the limited options available to prisoners, which fundamentally strengthens the bond [8].
No less as the usage of pet therapy in prison though evaluate the essence of criminal harm in the outside society (or in general the term of the outside pressure, or social harm to an individual by education by moral justice and ethical judgment from others) can for use increase the social responsibility for the inmate and the overall emotional bonding of inmate with the typical society

Prison Education in The Federal Bureau System
Grehring (1972) claims that William Rogers started the movement for correctional education in 1789 to put an end to a riot at Philadelphia's Walnut Street Jail. The foundation upon which correctional educators operate is the idea that people may develop higher states of awareness and alter their attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors. Ex-offenders require one to three years of transitional assistance, such as life skills, anger management, a rudimentary education, vocational education, and placement, to reorient their lives away from crime [9]. The federal bureau system is a system in control of the prison under federal regulations. The overall history can be brought back to 1891 with its establishment and till now the system constantly upgrades with social problems and issues, solving in-jail education, in-jail humane teaching, in jail bonding with an inmate. 2000's as the inmate number doubled in number, the issue of crimes is then brought to another level bringing in the idea of constant issuing that calls for justice of sins and also recidivism (re-offending of the innocents) and just by the term a chance to join back into society is a huge problem as the inmate imprisonment time end; when and why, Where and how is that an issue-focused, but though these question should be answered the focus should generally be on the education that is supported by the federal bureau system in the jail.
On the records of the United States, justice archive's official website [10] the sector for the federal bureau system states the amount of finished improvement alien with the overall ongoing genre to solve, for example in the tag named "building a school district", with the study showing that the inmate who had taken the correctional education in jail shows 43% lower rate of being back in jail after the imprisonment ending, and although the number itself examines an under 50% rate if take in mind of the number of inmates being sentenced to jail per years, this kind of increase is fundamental to lower the chance of harming. Extend on "creating a school district"[11], which will concentrate on offering instruction in fundamental skills and principally high school diploma skills and English as second language courses to enable convicts to obtain the know-how and talents required to reintegrate into society. The next step is to work on the inmates' marketable traits and general skills that could help them find employment after release or simply reintegrate into society's problems.

Conclusion
The author believes that the personality characteristics of criminals and the influence of prisons will have a great impact on whether criminals can successfully integrate into society. The former concluded that through the PEN model, the personality characteristics caused by psychosis and neuroticism will affect the thoughts and behaviors of criminals, making them more likely to commit crimes, but also more difficult to integrate into society. The latter first discussed the impact of prison experience on criminals. At the same time, the role of prisons is to teach criminals and manage criminals, so that they can reform and integrate into society smoothly. But now more criminals commit crimes again after they leave prison. Therefore, the experience of prisons has a great impact on them, such as violence, exclusion, other factors, and even more violent attacks, so they will change their ideas of reform, It also affects their behavior. When they return to society, they will have antisocial behavior, and the prison experience will cause indelible painful memories. Then this paper subdivides the prison experience into the positive influence of external factors involved in prison on criminals. By analyzing the examples of cat ownership and education in prison, it shows that the overall trend is clear and fixed with the reduction of the crime rate after imprisonment because the prisoners' personalities help each other and succeed through action, continuous assessment of the knowledge, and pet therapy. In short, both of these ways have had a positive impact on the prisoners' thinking and overall ability to reintegrate into society, while responsibility and love are acquired through the re-acquisition of knowledge and love. The author believes that the personality characteristics of criminals and the influence of prisons will have a great impact on whether criminals can successfully integrate into society.