Causes and Effects of Crime Content and Crime Rate

: With the transformation of traditional society to modern society, the crime rate in modern China has decreased significantly, but in recent years, the crime rate in China did not show a significant downward trend, but showed an upward trend in 2019, and petty theft cases emerge in endlessly.In this context, in order to further reduce the crime rate in China and solve the mainstream crime content between different regions, this paper takes different regions of South China (North China, Central China, East China, Northeast, Southwest and Northwest China) to analyze the subjective and objective causes behind crime, explore the relationship between crime psychology and crime, and put forward effective schemes to promote crime reduction. In addition, this paper will further integrate all regional commonalities and study the handling of small cases.


Introduction
China, as a country with a population of 1.4 billion, has almost the lowest crime rate in the world. According to 2018, the murder crime rate in China was only 1 people (per 100,000 people), while the world murder rate was 5.4 people (per 100,000 people) [1].
In politics, China, as a country with a socialist system with distinctive characteristics, is quite different from the political system of other mainstream countries.China's modern political system mainly includes the socialist system, the people's congress system, regional national autonomy system, grass-roots mass autonomy system and the leadership of the communist party of China multiparty cooperation and political consultation system, such a political system emphasizes collectivism and common happiness, the social and social group control ability is strong, maintain the social stability, promote criminal behavior to control.
In economy, China's economy has taken off by leaps and bounds in the past decade. In 2020, it reached $14.723 trillion in 2020, becoming the world's second largest GDP. However, the per capita GNI of $8,000 is at the lower medium level compared with most mainstream countries, and there is a huge gap between the rich and the poor in China [2].Earlier data released by China's National Bureau of Statistics [3] also show that China's richest 10 percent of China's population owns 45 percent of the country's wealth, while the poorest 10 percent owns only 1.4 percent.These figures fully show the severity of wealth inequality in China. China's per capita economic level is at the lower level of mainstream countries.The gap between the rich and the poor could cause crime.
In terms of culture, the number of believers in China accounts for far less than that of Western countries. In 2018, the number of believers in China was 200 million, accounting for only one-seventh of the total population [4], but the number of believers in Western countries is more than 60 percent (mostly Christian and Catholic).In addition to religion, the cultural differences between East and West are large, and both have their own unique cultural forms, such as Confucianism, Taoism, and legalism, so cultural differences may also be the factors leading to different crime rates. Statistics and analysis of different regional crime content, crime rate and crime psychology in China 1.1. East China region

1.1.1.Background and criminal characteristics
East China is located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China and enjoys rapid development in China. The overall economic development is above the average value in China, and the regional GDP accounts for more than one-third of the whole country [5].Third, the secondary industry accounts for a relatively high proportion, indicating that East China has a relatively perfect public security and judicial system, so the overall criminal behavior in East China shows a downward trend.With the rapid economic development, high-tech industries in East China have developed rapidly. Each large information technology industry takes this region as the center base, such as Alibaba, Huawei, vivo and other high-tech industry companies set up headquarters in East China.On the basis of the rapid economic development and the development of high-tech industries, the theft and telecom and network fraud cases in East China are extremely rampant.Take Jiangsu Province as an example, in 2018, a total of 237,344 theft cases were filed, accounting for 64.21%.Fraud, 77,408 cases were filed, accounting for 20.94% [6].

1.1.2.The reason
(1) High-tech crimes, the public security organs lack of experience. With the development of technology, electronic payment: WeChat, Alipay, online banking and other applications have gradually become the mainstream of transactions.However, the development of electronic payment also provides criminals with various ways to cheat consumers, and also causes obstacles for the public security organs to solve cases.Compared with traditional types of crime, network fraud, convenient, fast time, high interests and a wide audience.Cybercrime is not limited to elements such as time, space, and the age of the victim.Scamammers just need to make up lies, send their messages on their phone or computer, and get a lot of money in a short time.In addition, the public security organs will encounter various novel criminal methods in the management process. The development of technology requires the public security organs to fully understand and analyze various new and high-tech technologies, and it is difficult for the judicial organs to retain and complete the high-tech crime evidence.Therefore, the cost of public security is extremely high, especially for some small and medium-sized crimes, where the public security and the judicial organs cannot pay the corresponding strategy, and most of the criminals have a fluke psychology.
(2) The gap between the rich and the poor is large, and the legal system is imperfect. Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has achieved unprecedented development and undergone profound changes in all areas of society. However, a major problem is the large gap between the rich and the poor, not only between all classes, but also between the rich and the poor between regions.The gap between the rich and the poor will lead to some people to have an unbalanced psychology, hate the government, the society, the upper middle class, and even the state, and hate the rich psychology.With the development of reform and opening up in the 40 years of society, although the law has always changed with the market, it still lacks the foresight of the market.For a part of the economic crime content, the corresponding legal provisions cannot be given in time, so that some criminals are free to drill, thus improving the crime rate. (3) Victims's awareness of prevention is weak, giving criminals an opportunity. Although with the development of society, China's education is widely popularized, the average degree of education is high.However, the awareness of crime prevention is weak, especially in the face of some new criminal methods, even the people who are highly educated, if they do not have a certain awareness of prevention, they still can not avoid being stolen from finance or fraud.In theft cases, for example, most people do not have good awareness, and there are a small number of people think modern society theft cases, holding fluke psychology, think will not happen to yourself, but in fact theft is still the biggest crime type in China, almost all areas in China, theft crime rate accounted for more than 50% of all crime content in this area [6].

1.2.1.Background and criminal characteristics
In recent years, the overall crime rate in North China has been declining. North China is a relatively developed education region in China, and the people are generally highly educated. They have many senior universities, such as Tsinghua University, Peking University, Renmin University, etc.In addition, North China is also a relatively economically developed region in China. The GDP of North China accounts for 13% of the China, ranking third in the regional division of China [8]. However, the major industries differ greatly between the different provinces.In addition to the Inner Mongolia autonomous region economic crime remains as the main crime content, in Beijing, Tianjin and Inner Mongolia, property encroachment crime (including illegal occupation of public property) accounted for the highest proportion, and because there are more universities, so the "campus loan" and "routine loan" cases emerge in endlessly, inexperienced college students have become the target of these criminals.Cases of beating others and illegal drug activities in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region account for the main part of criminal cases in Inner Mongolia, and the proportion of crimes of endangering public security and endangering social management order accounts for the highest.

1.2.2.The reason
(1) Beijing, Tianjin and Henan has a large population and a large number of universities (the particularity of population structure) [10]. In 2020, Beijing Tianjin has populations of 21.893 million and 13.868 million respectively [9]. The large population density and uneven social and economic distribution led to many cases of property infringement, but due to the large population density, it failed to seize criminals and give corresponding punishment, and many criminals violated other people's property.In addition, there are many universities in the region, with 30 undergraduate courses and 26 junior colleges in Tianjin, and Beijing has a total of 93 universities (including junior college and undergraduate courses), accounting for the number of students in this area.College students who lack social experience have become the goal of criminals, who lure them into their trap in various ways and cheat property or personal freedom.
(2) Inner Mongolia belongs to China's border area of China and has a unique grassland culture.(The particularity of regional culture). Inner Mongolia belongs to the border area of China, with vast grassland landforms, and many regions cannot develop well. Due to political relations, some development of this region is limited, and many regions have low development level, leading to low education level, low economic income and low social status of people in some regions.This "three low" phenomenon directly leads to a high level of the number of violence cases in Inner Mongolia.

1.3.1.Background and characteristics
Central China is located at the crossroads of China, east, west, north and south traffic arteries, rich and diverse culture.There are great differences between provinces, so the crime rate and crime content are also different.As the most central area of China, Hubei Province has the title of "thoroughfare of nine provinces", which is the important road of traffic in China. Hubei Province has rich culture and distinctive regional characteristics. Hubei people do tough and clever. The filing rate of criminal cases in Hubei province has increased year by year, reaching the highest in 2015, among which the crimes of endangering public security and obstructing public security have been ranked first and second in the category of crimes [6].

1.3.2.The reason
(1) Hubei Province has fierce folk customs, with more manic and aggressive personality. Geographic location and historical reasons are the main reasons for the people in Hubei.In Hubei province, once in the Jianghan Plain, almost every flood has forced people to fight against each other for the land and life.With the frequency of floods getting higher and higher, the civil conflicts around the floods are becoming more and more intense and more normal.The harmless farmers in Hubei gradually became "nine-headed birds" which describes do things tough known for their cunning and tough.Manic personality is unstable mood, poor self-control ability, easy to cause violent crime on impulse.Aggressive personality advocates force to solve problems, and believes that violence is the simplest way to solve the problem, which is very consistent with the fierce personality of Hubei people.
(2) Jiangxi Province has a backward economic development and education. Although Jiangxi Province is rich in natural resources, its geographical location is relatively awkward. Next to the Pearl River Delta and the Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone, there is a serious brain drain, and the plains in the region are rare, and the transportation is inconvenient.Lead to the economic development is relatively backward.And there is only one 211 university in the province, with a high brain drain rate.This environmental factor led to the remaining people remaining in Jiangxi Province, producing the "three low" phenomenon.As a result, the cult has increased legal cases, violence cases, Mafia forces cases, and violations of women and people with disabilities [6].

1.4.1.Background and characteristics
The content of crimes in South China is relatively similar. Except for Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, economic crimes are still the most rampant. Guangxi Province endangers public security, and violent drug cases account for a relatively high proportion.Other crimes in South China are similar. Guangdong Province takes economic infringement, endangering public security and obstructing public security as the main crimes in the region.Hainan province has mainly committed economic crimes and beating others.

The reason (1) Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is close to Vietnam and is economically backward.
Similar to Jiangxi Province, the economy is backward due to the neighboring Pearl River Delta region, with a serious talent drain and inconvenient transportation.The same border with Vietnam caused mixed mix, contributing to the increase of violent drug crimes.
(2) Guangdong province has a developed economy. Similar to East China, the developed economy and the rapid development of high-tech technology have become the reason for the rapid development of economic cases here. Moreover, the pirated electronic equipment and other articles led by "Huaqiang North" have become a fast way for criminals to defraud their financial affairs.

(3) Special geographical location of the islands in Hainan Province.
Because of its special geographical location, Hainan province has high prices and low per capita income.Economic backwardness makes the per capita income in the region generally low, but the special island position has led to the rise in prices.This market situation of low income and high consumption is one of the reasons for the economic crimes in Hainan Province.

1.5.1.Background and characteristics
Northeast China is in the relatively northern region of China, and the weather is cold.With the primary industry and the secondary industry as the main economic support.Special climate conditions, geographical environment and historical factors have created the characteristics of simple and generous, enthusiastic and forthright northeast people, but at the same time, outrageous, revenge, impulsive irritability has also become the image characteristics of the northeast people.Black and evil forces in northeast China are relatively rampant, and the underworld organization system is complete.The crime of property infringement and endangering public security are the main crimes of the region, including a large number of mafia-related cases.

1.5.2.The reason
(1) The humanistic characteristics of Northeast China are manic and aggressive personality. Northeast people are known for their enthusiasm and generosity in China, but at the same time, Northeast people advocate force and revenge leads to most people are manic and aggressive personality.Manic type of people are emotionally unstable, often because of some small inducement stimulation and into a irritable state, easy to impulse, poor self-control ability, strong irritability, often violent and impulsive state of destruction, injury, and even homicide and other criminal behavior.People advocate violence and regard violence as the simplest and effective means to solve problems.Attack is often associated with violent crimes, but often in premeditated violent crimes.Some people try to play the effect of violent means more effectively, and organize criminal gangs, the underworld, so this type is common in the leaders of organized crime.
(2) Historical reasons, the triad system is complete and rampant. Northeast underworld from the historical origin, the northeast Yan, Murong family, Goguryeo, Jin Bing, after Jin are all strong fighting power, Lin Biao under the leadership of the four wild fight all over the world invincible.The "beard" culture in northeast China is prevalent, and the people are brave and aggressive. The ordinary people in northeast China who enter the customs are known as the "Siberian tiger" with their fierce folk customs.Underworld, needless to say, Zhang Zuolin known as the king of the northeast, beard later became a politician, after the founding of the founding of the "two Kings" all the way from the northeast to Yunnan, killed dozens of people, killed and wounded more than a dozen police, finally use the border army, visible its strength.Northeast underworld all over the country, such as the monopoly of Beijing railway station, in Guangzhou, the final victory over the Xinjiang gang, are the embodiment of the combat effectiveness of the northeast gang.

1.6.1.Background and characteristics
The types of crimes in southwest China are similar, with economic crimes as the main criminal content and drug cases as the most serious criminal content in the region.At the beginning of 1999, the Ministry of Public Security directly named Sichuan and Guizhou provinces as key drug provinces based on the investigation and research and long-term knowledge.Data in 2018 showed that 48,686 cases of illegal drugs in Sichuan Province were accepted, ranking third in the content and number of crimes [6]. Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province, is the main entry channel for drugs in northwest China, and the whole province is flooded with drugs. Sichuan and Guizhou is located in the inland area of China, which can connect to northwest China, and which can connect to Yunnan Province, Vietnam, Laos and other drug flooding areas and countries.

1.6.2.Reason: Close to the golden Triangle area is the main way of drug transmission
Southwest China near the Golden Triangle region (Myanmar, Laos, Thailand) is an important channel for drug transport to China, and also an important place for drug output. Although the domestic crackdown on drugs is extremely strict, it has always overcome the drug addiction and profiteering nature, making it still the first choice of many criminals in southwest China.

1.7.1.Background and characteristics
Northwest China has the regional characteristics of wide land and sparse people, which belongs to the inland region of China, the economic development is relatively backward, and the northwest region is one of the most concentrated ethnic groups in China, with obvious cultural differences among all ethnic groups.Cases of beating others in Xinjiang are relatively high, and drug activities are also more active.According to statistics, other regions are mainly economic crimes.

1.7.2.Reasons: The inland area is far away from the developed areas in China
The Northwest region is far away from the domestic economically developed areas, and there is no good geographical conditions to develop the economy, leading to the overall backward economy.

Strengthen the scientific and technological means of the public security organs
Public security organs should be corresponding to economic crime cases open special departments and technical personnel, to high-tech crime means can timely comprehensive, in-depth and extended investigation, the area cracked every case as far as possible, especially for some advanced crime, crime cases, the public security organs need to analyze from the perspective of the victim and perpetrator. To study what objective or subjective factors cause the crime to occur [12]. In addition, the public security organs should timely learn and understand the popular science and technology in the society, and effectively monitor such popular science and technology in a timely manner, and cooperate with corresponding departments to prevent criminals from taking loopholes in advance".

Improve the legal system
Different from criminal crime, the way of economic crime, the amount involved, such as social consequences are very complex, which leads to the phenomenon often appear in law, when some criminal phenomenon, the law cannot or very difficult to give the corresponding punishment or social consequences do not match [13].Therefore, at the legal level, it is necessary to timely supplement, modify, or add the corresponding legal rules and regulations. For those criminal acts that have produced new criminal phenomena, we should respond to the corresponding phenomenon and the formulation of laws in time.

Popularize crime prevention work
Attention should be paid to the popularization of crime prevention work, and crime prevention should be publicized in all areas of the society.Especially in schools and the elderly groups.For students without social experience and older people who are slower to accept new things.Their effective education on crime prevention can greatly improve their vigilance against criminals [14].

Closing the regional gap between rich and poor
Because the government vigorously develops the employment and education level in various regions and prevents the loss of talents, the government should control the population of economically developed regions and the economic development of underdeveloped regions.

Conclusions
In general, this article compares the differences in crime rates between China and the West, and derives the reasons why China has a low crime rate. In addition, the content and characteristics of crimes in seven regions of China are presented and compared. On this basis, find the commonalities of crime content, crime reason and crime characteristics, and further propose countermeasures and suggestions.